Hot off the presses! Aug 01 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

The Aug 01 issue of the Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol is now up on Pubget (About Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol): if you're at a subscribing institution, just click the link in the latest link at the home page. (Note you'll only be able to get all the PDFs in the issue if your institution subscribes to Pubget.)

Latest Articles Include:

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  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):461 (2011)
  
• Chromatin: The inheritance of stress | PDF (288 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):462 (2011)
  Alterations to epigenetic states allow the organism to adapt to environmental changes. Seong et al.
• To Cut or NoCut in mitosis | PDF (116 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):463 (2011)
  During mitosis, several morphologically distinct events must occur in the right order. For example, chromosome segregation must be complete before cytokinesis.
• Calcium: Mitochondria channel calcium | PDF (222 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):463 (2011)
  Mitochondria take up Ca2+ in response to certain stimuli, which upregulates aerobic metabolism and sensitizes cells to apoptosis, but the identity of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) had remained elusive. De Stefani et al.2+ channel is a 40 kDa protein of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
• Ubiquitin: Timing is everything | PDF (251 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):464 (2011)
  The APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cyclosome) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the cell cycle by ensuring that different proteins are degraded at distinct times during mitosis and G1. This precision is mainly achieved through tight regulation of APC/C function; Rape and colleagues provide new insights into this by identifying an initiation motif on APC/C substrates that offers temporal control of substrate degradation.
• Membrane dynamics: MIEF1 mingles with mitochondria | PDF (176 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):464 (2011)
  The morphology of mitochondria, which is determined by a dynamic cycle of membrane fusion and fission events, is crucial for normal functioning of this organelle. Zhao et al.
• Cell migration: Many (converging) pathways, one destination | PDF (292 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):465 (2011)
  Elucidating how the ever-increasing number of pathways that reportedly affect cell migration are spatially and temporally regulated to influence the molecular migration machinery is a challenge. For example, how does RALB signalling to the exocyst complex, which controls secretory vesicle trafficking, regulate cell motility?
• Cell cycle: Keeping centrosome numbers in check | PDF (197 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):466 (2011)
  Centrosomes need to duplicate once per cell cycle to ensure that their numbers remain stable in the daughter cells. Malek and colleagues now delineate a pathway that regulates duplication and ensures it is synchronized with the cell cycle.
• Ageing: Recapturing youth | PDF (155 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):466 (2011)
  The detrimental traits associated with the ageing of eukaryotes are not passed on to progeny, but how replicative lifespan (RLS; that is, the number of buds a cell can produce) is reset in the next generation is unknown. Amon and colleagues proposed that RLS is reset during gametogenesis (sporulation) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and they then showed that this is indeed the case.
• Organelle biogenesis | Small RNAs | Gene expression | PDF (106 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):466 (2011)
  A key enzyme in the biogenesis of lysosomes is a protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism Marschner, K.et al. Science 333, 87–90 (2011) Article
• Metabolism | Epigenetics | Development | PDF (105 KB)
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):467 (2011)
  Small nucleolar RNAs U32a, U33, and U35a are critical mediators of metabolic stress Michel, C. I.et al. Cell Metab. 14, 33–44 (2011)
• Phosphatases: providing safe passage through mitotic exit
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):469 (2011)
  The mitosis-to-interphase transition involves dramatic cellular reorganization from a state that supports chromosome segregation to a state that complies with all functions of an interphase cell. This process, termed mitotic exit, depends on the removal of mitotic phosphorylations from a broad range of substrates. Mitotic exit regulation involves inactivation of mitotic kinases and activation of counteracting protein phosphatases. The key mitotic exit phosphatase in budding yeast, Cdc14, is now well understood. By contrast, in animal cells, it is now emerging that mitotic exit relies on distinct regulatory networks, including the protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A.
• Multisubunit RNA polymerases IV and V: purveyors of non-coding RNA for plant gene silencing
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):483 (2011)
  In all eukaryotes, nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III synthesize the myriad RNAs that are essential for life. Remarkably, plants have evolved two additional multisubunit RNA polymerases, RNA polymerases IV and V, which orchestrate non-coding RNA-mediated gene silencing processes affecting development, transposon taming, antiviral defence and allelic crosstalk. Biochemical details concerning the templates and products of RNA polymerases IV and V are lacking. However, their subunit compositions reveal that they evolved as specialized forms of RNA polymerase II, which provides the unique opportunity to study the functional diversification of a eukaryotic RNA polymerase family.
• The 'invisible hand': regulation of RHO GTPases by RHOGDIs
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):493 (2011)
  The 'invisible hand' is a term originally coined by Adam Smith in The Theory of Moral Sentiments to describe the forces of self-interest, competition and supply and demand that regulate the resources in society. This metaphor continues to be used by economists to describe the self-regulating nature of a market economy. The same metaphor can be used to describe the RHO-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (RHOGDI) family, which operates in the background, as an invisible hand, using similar forces to regulate the RHO GTPase cycle.
• From unwinding to clamping — the DEAD box RNA helicase family
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):505 (2011)
  RNA helicases of the DEAD box family are present in all eukaryotic cells and in many bacteria and Archaea. These highly conserved enzymes are required for RNA metabolism from transcription to degradation and are therefore important players in gene expression. DEAD box proteins use ATP to unwind short duplex RNA in an unusual fashion and remodel RNA–protein complexes, but they can also function as ATP-dependent RNA clamps to provide nucleation centres that establish larger RNA–protein complexes. Structural, mechanistic and molecular biological studies have started to reveal how these conserved proteins can perform such diverse functions and how accessory proteins have a central role in their regulation.
• Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):517 (2011)
  Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the endocytic portal into cells through which cargo is packaged into vesicles with the aid of a clathrin coat. It is fundamental to neurotransmission, signal transduction and the regulation of many plasma membrane activities and is thus essential to higher eukaryotic life. Morphological stages of vesicle formation are mirrored by progression through various protein modules (complexes). The process involves the formation of a putative FCH domain only (FCHO) initiation complex, which matures through adaptor protein 2 (AP2)-dependent cargo selection, and subsequent coat building, dynamin-mediated scission and finally auxilin- and heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70)-dependent uncoating. Some modules can be used in other pathways, and additions or substitutions confer cell specificity and adaptability.
• Correspondence: Mutually reinforcing patterning mechanisms
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):533 (2011)
  In a recent Opinion article published in Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (Computational morphodynamics of plants: integrating development over space and time. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 265–273 (2011)
• Cubism and the cell cycle: the many faces of the APC/C
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):533 (2011)
  Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology12, 427–438 (2011) On page 435 of this article, there was a mistake in the personal communication. The scientists the author received the information from are R. Wolthuis and W. van Zon. This has been corrected online.
• ARF family G proteins and their regulators: roles in membrane transport, development and disease
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):533 (2011)
  . The authors would like to note that Catherine L. Jackson's address was incomplete as it appeared in the original version of this article. This has been corrected in the online version.
• Chaperone-mediated autophagy: Dice's 'wild' idea about lysosomal selectivity
  - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):535 (2011)
  A little over 1 year ago, we lost a bright scientist and a dear colleague who, in his younger years, proposed the 'heretical' idea that lysosomes could selectively degrade cytosolic proteins. That scientist was J. Fred Dice, and his lifetime's discovery was the degradative pathway that we now know as chaperone-mediated autophagy.