Hot off the presses! Sep 01 Nat Rev Neurosci

The Sep 01 issue of the Nat Rev Neurosci is now up on Pubget (About Nat Rev Neurosci): if you're at a subscribing institution, just click the link in the latest link at the home page. (Note you'll only be able to get all the PDFs in the issue if your institution subscribes to Pubget.)

Latest Articles Include:

• From the editors
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):619 (2009)
  
• Repair: CSI in SCI
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):621 (2009)
  
• Neurogenesis: Newborns promote separation
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):622 (2009)
  
• Migration: Exchange to migrate
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):622 (2009)
  
• In brief: Ion channels, Neurodegenerative disease, Synaptic transmission
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):622 (2009)
  
• Neurodegenerative disease: Avoiding bad complement in Alzheimer's disease
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):623 (2009)
  
• Neurodegenerative disease: Discouraging transplant results
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):624 (2009)
  
• Reward: Dopamine's expanding universe
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):624 (2009)
  
• Axon guidance: Sorting themselves out
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):624 (2009)
  
• In brief: Neuroimmunology, Stress, Synaptic plasticity, Neurodegenerative disease
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):625 (2009)
  
• WNTs tune up the neuromuscular junction
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):627-634 (2009)
  Although WNTs have been long thought of as regulators of cell fate, recent studies highlight their involvement in crucial aspects of synaptic development in the nervous system. Particularly compelling are recent studies of the neuromuscular junction in nematodes, insects, fish and mammals. These studies place WNTs as major determinants of synapse differentiation and neurotransmitter receptor clustering.
• Neuroproteomics: understanding the molecular organization and complexity of the brain
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):635-646 (2009)
  Advances in technology have equipped the field of neuroproteomics with refined tools for the study of the expression, interaction and function of proteins in the nervous system. In combination with bioinformatics, neuroproteomics can address the organization of dynamic, functional protein networks and macromolecular structures that underlie physiological, anatomical and behavioural processes. Furthermore, neuroproteomics is contributing to the elucidation of disease mechanisms and is a powerful tool for the identification of biomarkers.
• Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):647-658 (2009)
  Synaptic plasticity in adult neural circuits may involve the strengthening or weakening of existing synapses as well as structural plasticity, including synapse formation and elimination. Indeed, long-term in vivo imaging studies are beginning to reveal the structural dynamics of neocortical neurons in the normal and injured adult brain. Although the overall cell-specific morphology of axons and dendrites, as well as of a subpopulation of small synaptic structures, are remarkably stable, there is increasing evidence that experience-dependent plasticity of specific circuits in the somatosensory and visual cortex involves cell type-specific structural plasticity: some boutons and dendritic spines appear and disappear, accompanied by synapse formation and elimination, respectively. This Review focuses on recent evidence for such structural forms of synaptic plasticity in the mammalian cortex and outlines open questions.
• Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):659-669 (2009)
  The frontal lobes in the brain are a component of the cerebral system that supports goal-directed behaviour. However, their functional organization remains controversial. Recent studies have reported rostro-caudal distinctions in frontal cortex activity based on the abstractness of action representations. In addition, some have proposed that these differences reflect a hierarchical organization, whereby anterior frontal regions influence processing by posterior frontal regions during the realization of abstract action goals as motor acts. However, few have considered whether the anatomy and physiology of the frontal lobes support such a scheme. To address this gap, this Review surveys anatomical, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and developmental findings, and considers the question: could the organization of the frontal cortex be hierarchical?
• Cerebellar cortical organization: a one-map hypothesis
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):670-681 (2009)
  The fundamental architecture of the cerebellum is concealed within a terminological forest — transverse zones and stripes, longitudinal zones and microzones, patches, etc. To make things worse, the same term is used in different contexts to describe quite different patterns of spatial localization. Here we consider the possibility that this complexity hides the fact that the cerebellar cortex contains only one map, which has been charted in various ways.
• Biomaterials for promoting brain protection, repair and regeneration
  Orive G Anitua E Pedraz JL Emerich DF - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):682-692 (2009)
  Biomaterials are likely to have an increasingly important role in the treatment of nervous system disorders. Recently developed biomaterials can enable and augment the targeted delivery of drugs or therapeutic proteins to the brain, allow cell or tissue transplants to be effectively delivered to the brain and help to rebuild damaged circuits. Similarly, biomaterials are being used to promote regeneration and to repair damaged neuronal pathways in combination with stem cell therapies. Many of these approaches are gaining momentum because nanotechnology allows greater control over material–cell interactions that induce specific developmental processes and cellular responses including differentiation, migration and outgrowth.
• Corrigendum: Inside the brain of an elite athlete: the neural processes that support high achievement in sports
  - Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):692 (2009)
  On page 596 of the above article, there are mistakes in the details of references 140 and 141. These references should have read, respectively: